What is the Flu?
Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It affects the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs. The flu can range from mild to severe and, in some cases, lead to complications such as pneumonia.
Causes
The flu is caused by influenza viruses, mainly types A and B. It spreads through:
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Respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
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Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face.
Symptoms
Flu symptoms usually appear suddenly and can include:
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High fever (often above 100.4°F or 38°C)
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Chills and sweating
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Cough and sore throat
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Runny or stuffy nose
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Muscle aches and body pain
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Severe fatigue and weakness
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Headache
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Nausea or vomiting (more common in children)
Treatment
Most cases of the flu can be managed at home with:
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Rest to help your body recover.
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Hydration (water, herbal teas, broths) to prevent dehydration.
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Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and pain relief.
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Antiviral medications (such as Tamiflu) may be prescribed for severe cases or high-risk patients.
Prevention
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Get a flu vaccine annually to reduce the risk of infection.
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Wash your hands regularly with soap and water.
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Avoid close contact with sick individuals.
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Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing.
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Boost your immune system with a healthy diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep.
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